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Freescale Semiconductor Advance Information
Document Number: MC44C404 Rev. 0.4, 2/2008
NICAM 728 - Stereo Encoder
The MC44C404 NICAM Stereo Encoder is the industry's first single-chip CMOS implementation of a Near Instantaneous Companding Audio Multiplex 728 (NICAM) stereo encoder. * Intended for use in set-top boxes, VCRs, DVD players/recorders, game stations, and other applications that are required to output high-quality stereo sound through a single RF coaxial cable. * Engineered to process analog audio signals to generate a QPSK modulated signal in compliance with the EN 300 163 standard. * Designed to output this signal to a Freescale RF modulator, which in turn produces a stereo encoded RF channel for use with any NICAM stereo television receiver.
Features * * * * * * * Supports B, G, H, I, K1, L system standards NICAM digital audio processing encodes and transports stereo signals Integrated A/D converter input and D/A converter output circuitry Extended low frequency response (below 25 Hz) Simple passive interface to MC44BS373/4 UHF modulators Low power consumption - typically < 50 mW RoHS compliant
MC44C404
NICAM STEREO ENCODER
EP SUFFIX 32-LEAD TQFN PACKAGE CASE 1457-01
Benefits * Preservation of original surround sound fidelity * Multi standard * Low system component count, small board size and significantly low overall system cost * No manual alignment of filters or phase controls Reference Documentation NICAM 728: Transmission of two-channel digital sound with terrestrial television systems B, G, H, I, K1 and L. (EN 300 163 V1.2.1)
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device MC44C404EP MC44C404EPR2 Temp. Range Package RoHS 32TQFN Yes Yes
0C to
+70C
Tape & Reel
XTALOUT DVSS
XTALIN
C1 C2
MC44C404
AUDIO A - CHANNEL AUDIO B - CHANNEL ADC ADC NICAM DIGITAL AUDIO PROCESSOR NC DAC QPSK AUDIO VINB VAGO VREFP VREFM XTAL CLOCK GENERATOR CLOCK OUT VAGO ADCVDD ADCVSS
C4
OVDD DVSS NC CLK4MHZ DVDD SYS_I DVSS DVSS NC
MC44C404
C3
MC44C404 32TQFN Package
This document contains information on a preproduction product. Specifications and information herein are subject to change without notice.
(c) Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2008. All rights reserved.
VINA
Functional Block Diagram
VAGO OVDD
QPSK OVSS
NC
NC
NC
MC44C404
XTALIN 28 XTALOUT 27 Oscillator Clock Generator 4 MHz 22 CLK4MHZ
ADCVDD VINA
7 9 ADC DAC 11 OVDD 15 QPSK
VAGO 10
VREFP VAGO VREFM
4 6 5 V-REF
26 DVSS VINB VAGO
2
ADC
25 OVDD 24 DVSS
3
ADCVSS
8
21 DVDD 19 DVSS
SYS_I 20 C1 32 C2 31 C3 30 C4 29 NICAM 728 Audio Processor
18 DVSS 16 OVSS
Figure 1. MC44C404 Block Diagram
MC44C404 2 Freescale Semiconductor
PIN DESCRIPTION
XTALOUT DVSS XTALIN
C1 C2
C3
ORIENTATION MARK
C4
OVDD DVSS NC CLK4MHZ DVDD SYS_SEL DVSS DVSS NC
NC VINB VAGO VREFP VREFM VAGO ADCVDD ADCVSS VAGO OVDD QPSK OVSS NC NC VINA NC
PIN 1
MC44C404
Figure 2. MC44C404 32-Lead TQFN Package Table 1. Pin Descriptions (Listed by Function)
Signal Name Analog VINA VREFP VAGO VREFM VINB Digital C1 C2 C3 C4 32 31 30 29 Control input 4 is the reserve sound switching flag. C4 = 0: The analog signal is not carrying the same program as the digital signal. C4 = 1: The analog sound signal is carrying the same program as the digital signal. Output system format select. SYS_I = 0: The output format is System B, G, H, K1 or L. SYS_I = 1: The output format is System I. QPSK NICAM audio output No connection Control inputs 1, 2 and 3. See Table 2, Application Control Bits for setting these application control bits. 9 4 3, 6, 10 5 2 A channel input ADC voltage ref. bypass plus Analog virtual ground ADC voltage ref. bypass minus B channel input Pin # Description
SYS_I
20
QPSK NC Clocks XTALIN XTALOUT CLK4MHZ Power Supply ADCVDD ADCVSS DVDD DVSS and OVSS OVDD
15 1, 12, 13, 14, 17, 23
28 27 22
Crystal oscillator input Crystal oscillator output 4 MHz clock output for Audio/Video modulator IC
7 8 21 16, 18, 19, 24, 26 11, 25
ADC analog supply voltage, 3.3 V ADC analog ground Digital logic supply voltage, 1.8 V Digital logic/I/O ground I/O supply voltage, 3.3 V
MC44C404 Freescale Semiconductor 3
Table 2. Application Control Bits
C1 0 0 1 1 X C2 0 1 0 1 X C3 0 0 0 0 1 Contents of the 704-Bit Sound/Data Blocks Stereo signal Two independent mono sound signals One mono signal and one 352 Kbits/sec data channel One 704 Kbits/sec data channel Reserved
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Table 3. Absolute Maximum Ratings Absolute maximum continuous ratings are those maximum values beyond which damage to the device may occur. Exposure to these conditions or conditions beyond those indicated may adversely affect device reliability. Functional operation at absolutemaximum-rated conditions is not implied.
Characteristic Digital Logic Supply Voltage Digital Output Supply Voltage ADC Supply Voltage Input Voltage Storage Temperature Range Symbol DVDD OVDD ADCVDD Vin Tstg Min -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -55 Max +2.0 +4.0 +4.0 xVDD + 0.3 +150 Units V V V V C
Table 4. General Specifications
Characteristic ESD Protection (Charge Device Model) ESD Protection (Human Body Model) Latch-Up Immunity Symbol CDM HBM LU Min 500 2000 200 Typ -- -- -- Max -- -- -- Units V V mA
Table 5. Recommended Operating Conditions
Characteristic Digital Logic Supply Voltage Digital Output Supply Voltage ADC Supply Voltage A/B Channel Input Level Ambient Temperature Symbol DVDD OVDD ADCVDD VINA, VINB TA Min 1.62 2.97 2.97 -- Typ 1.8 3.3 3.3 -- -- Max 1.98 3.63 3.63 1.8 70 Units V V V Vpp C
0
Table 6. DC Characteristics
Characteristic(1) Digital Logic Supply Current Digital Output Supply Current ADC Supply Current ADC Voltage Ref. Bypass Plus ADC Voltage Ref. Bypass Minus ADC Voltage Ref. Ground CLK4MHZ, Clock Output Low @ I = 0.6 mA CLK4MHZ, Clock Output High @ I = 0.6 mA Symbol IDVDD IOVDD IADCVDD VREFP VREFM VAGO Vol Voh Min -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.97 -- Typ 7.5 2.0 7.0 2.0 1.0 1.5 -- -- Max 8.5 8.0 9.0 -- -- -- -- 3.63 Units mA mA mA V V V V V
1. Unless other wise noted: DVDD = 1.8 + 0.18 Vdc, OVDD = ADCVDD = 3.3 + 0.33 Vdc, GND = 0 Vdc, 0 < TA < 70C
MC44C404 4 Freescale Semiconductor
Table 7. AC Characteristics (Test setup as shown in Figure 3, MC44C404 Typical Application Circuit for B, G and H Systems)
Characteristic(1) Input Impedance (A/B Input) QPSK Audio Output Level(2) QPSK Output Level Signal to Noise Ratio
(2),(3) (2),(3)
Symbol Rin
Min -- -- --
Typ 22 0.85 -- 75 0.1 --
Max -- -- 2.2 -- 0.3 14500
Units K Vpp Vpp dB % Hz
SNR THD BW
72 -- 20
Total Harmonic Distortion -1 dB Bandwidth
1. Unless other wise noted: DVDD = 1.8 + 0.18 Vdc, OVDD = ADCVDD = 3.3 + 0.33 Vdc, GND = 0 Vdc, 0 < TA < 70C 2. Test conditions, mono, 1 kHz @ 1.5 Vpp 3. Measured in 20 Hz to 13.5 kHz bandwidth
SYSTEM APPLICATION NOTES
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
When developing an application using the MC44C404 NICAM Stereo Encoder, the user can significantly improve performance by following the suggestions below. 1. There must be a notch in the video because video spectra that fall into the audio range will severely impact the audio performance. 2. A band pass filter is required on the QPSK output. Modulator Interface 3. The 4 MHz clock drive to the MC44BS373 must be filtered and the level set correctly. This can be achieved by using a Low Pass Filter (LPF), as shown in LPF1 in Figure 3, MC44C404 Typical Application Circuit for B, G and H Systems. 4. To set the application control bits see Table 1, Pin Descriptions (Listed by Function) and Table 2, Application Control Bits
MC44C404 Freescale Semiconductor 5
Vin
3.3 V REG 1 F 47
3.3 V
22 H 1 F 0.1 F 0.1 F 0.1 F +5 V 2.2 K 21 25 7
75
1 F
DVDD
ADCVDD
13
10
VINB VAGO VAGO VAGO VREFP VREFM
TVOVCC
1 F 3 10 6 1 F 4 5 0.1 F 0.1 F QPSK 15 BPF1 8
AUXIN RFOUT
MC44C404
CLK4MHZ 22 LPF1
22 pF MC44BS373CAFC Modulator TVOUT 3 XTAL
VCCD
VCCA
B Input
2 V
15
A Input
V
VINA
OVDD
1 F
9
OVDD 11
.01 F
.022 F
PLLFLT
12 .047 F
14
1000 pF SPFLT 7 2.2 F
SYS_I
SYS_I C1 XTALOUT C2 ADCVSS DVSS OVSS DVSS DVSS DVSS C3 C4 XTALIN Video Notch
32 31 29 28
VIDEO
2.2 K
26
24
19
18
16
28
24 MHz SIGNAL STANDARD SYS_I = 0 SYSTEMS B, G, H, L SYS_I = 1 SYSTEM I 18 pF 2 M 18 pF
27
8
Analog Ground
Digital Ground
IN
75
V
CVBS
BPF1 - PAL 1.5 K 2.0 K 1 H 680 pF 75 pF 1 H 680 pF 1.0 K 1.5 K 2.0 K 1 H
BPF1 - SYS_I 33 pF 1 H 560 pF 560 pF 1 K
Figure 3. MC44C404 Typical Application Circuit for B, G and H Systems
MC44C404 6 Freescale Semiconductor
VV
19
I2C
20
.1 F
SDA
SCL
V
20
9
LPF1 750 1 H
1500 pF
PACKAGE DATA
MC44C404 Freescale Semiconductor 7
MC44C404 8 Freescale Semiconductor
MC44C404 Freescale Semiconductor 9
MC44C404 10 Freescale Semiconductor
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MC44C404 Rev 0.4 2/2008

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